Skin infections: what to watch for and what to do

Skin infections are common. They range from a simple ringworm patch to a spreading bacterial infection that needs urgent care. Knowing the usual signs and basic steps can save time, pain, and sometimes a trip to the ER.

Common types and how they act

Here are the types you’ll run into most often and what they usually look like:

Impetigo — small blisters or red sores that often form a yellow "honey" crust. Kids get it easily. It spreads by touch.

Cellulitis — a red, warm, swollen area that spreads and can feel painful. Often caused by bacteria entering a break in the skin. Can come with fever.

Folliculitis — tiny red bumps or pimples around hair follicles. Shaving or friction often triggers it.

Fungal infections — ring-shaped patches (ringworm), itchy feet (athlete’s foot), or nail changes. These are caused by fungi, not bacteria.

Infestations — scabies causes intense itching and small tracks on the skin; it spreads by close contact.

Treatment differs by cause: antibiotics for bacterial infections, antifungal creams or pills for fungal problems, and special creams or prescriptions for infestations. For example, mupirocin ointment is often used for localized impetigo, while oral antibiotics like cephalexin or amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) treat larger cellulitis. If a doctor suspects MRSA, they may choose doxycycline or another specific drug.

When to see a doctor

Go to a provider if you notice any of these: spreading redness, red streaks toward the heart, fever, intense pain, pus, or if the area won’t stop getting worse over 24–48 hours. Also see a doctor if you have diabetes, a weak immune system, or a deep bite or wound.

For mild cases, your doctor may suggest a topical cream or an over-the-counter antifungal. For more serious infections you’ll get oral antibiotics or antifungals. Some conditions—like inflammatory rosacea—use topical ivermectin (a product called Soolantra) but that treats inflammation and mites, not classic bacterial skin infections.

At home, keep the area clean and dry, cover open wounds, avoid sharing towels, and change dressings daily. Treat athlete’s foot early with antifungal cream to stop it from spreading. If you’re prescribed antibiotics, finish the full course unless a doctor tells you otherwise.

Prevention is simple: wash hands, clean cuts right away, avoid tight clothing that rubs, and manage health issues like high blood sugar that raise infection risk. If a skin problem keeps coming back, ask your doctor about tests or specialist care.

Want to read deeper? Check specific guides on common antibiotics, antifungal options, or topical treatments on this site for practical tips and safety notes.