Diabetes medication — what works, how they differ, and quick tips

Some diabetes drugs also cut appetite and cause weight loss — that’s why choices matter. This page groups practical facts about the main drug types, what side effects to expect, and simple steps you can take today to stay safer and save money.

Start by knowing the main classes:

- Metformin: lowers liver glucose production. It’s usually first-line. Expect stomach upset at first; starting low and taking with food helps. A recent study found metformin raises a molecule called lac‑phe linked to reduced appetite — which may explain why some people lose weight on it.

- GLP‑1 receptor agonists (Ozempic, Wegovy, semaglutide): boost insulin after meals, slow stomach emptying, and reduce hunger. They’re great for blood sugar and weight loss but are injections and can cause nausea. Newer drugs like tirzepatide (Mounjaro) combine effects and often deliver bigger weight loss.

- SGLT2 inhibitors (Invokana, Jardiance): make kidneys remove extra sugar in urine. They lower blood sugar and cut heart and kidney risk for many people. Watch for dehydration, urinary tract and yeast infections, and a rare risk of ketoacidosis.

- Sulfonylureas and meglitinides: increase insulin release from the pancreas. They can lower blood sugar quickly but carry a higher risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and weight gain.

- Insulin: the most effective at lowering blood sugar. Different types exist (long-acting vs short-acting). Dosing changes require clear medical guidance and glucose monitoring.

Practical safety checks

Before any change, ask for these simple tests: A1c to see control, eGFR to check kidney function (important for metformin and SGLT2s), and a liver panel if your doctor suggests it. If you have frequent low blood sugar or take other meds, mention that — interactions matter.

Watch for these common side effects: gastrointestinal upset with metformin and GLP‑1s, dehydration or yeast infections with SGLT2s, and hypoglycemia with sulfonylureas or insulin. If you notice rapid weight changes, severe stomach pain, fainting, or signs of infection, contact your provider.

Savings and where to buy

Drug cost varies widely. If cost is an issue, read our article on "Top Alternatives to Metformin" for options and check our guides on safe online pharmacy shopping. Compare prices, confirm pharmacy credentials, and avoid offers that sound too good to be true. Your insurer may list preferred brands, and patient assistance programs sometimes cover expensive injectables.

Want a quick next step? Print your latest A1c and kidney result, list current meds, and bring those to your appointment. Ask which option helps weight, heart, or kidney risk the most for your situation. If you’re exploring online purchases, follow our safety checklist before you click "buy."